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Liu Yin (Southern Han)
Liu Yin (劉隱) (874〔''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 65.〕–April 4, 911〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 268.〕〔(Academia Sinica Chinese-Western Calendar Converter ).〕), formally Prince Xiang of Nanhai (南海襄王), later further posthumously honored Emperor Xiang (襄皇帝) with the temple name of Liezong (烈宗) by his younger brother Liu Yan, was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Tang's succeeding dynasty Later Liang of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, who ruled Qinghai Circuit (清海, headquartered in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong) as its military governor (''Jiedushi''). It was on the basis of his rule that Liu Yan was later able to establish the state of Southern Han.
== Background ==
Liu Yin was born in 874, during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang. His father, whose name was variously referred to as Liu Qian〔〔''History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 135.〕 or Liu Zhiqian,〔''New Book of Tang'', vol. 190.〕 was a low-level officer at Guang Prefecture (廣州), the capital of Qinghai (then known as Lingnan East Circuit (嶺南東道)). His mother Lady Wei was a niece to Lingnan East's then-military governor Wei Zhou (韋宙). Liu Qian eventually came to control Feng Prefecture (封州, in modern Zhaoqing, Guangdong) as its prefect.〔 Liu Yin was his oldest son, and he had two younger ones, Liu Tai (劉台), also born of Lady Wei, and Liu Yan, born of his concubine Lady Duan.〔''Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms'' (十國春秋), (vol. 58 ).〕 (Lady Wei had killed Lady Duan out of a jealous rage after finding out about Lady Duan, whom Liu Qian had kept in a house away from their mansion. When Liu Qian subsequently buried Lady Duan, at her burial location was a stone tablet that bore the characters of ''Yin'', ''Tai'', and ''Yan'', and he used those characters to name his three sons.)〔''Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms'', (vol. 60 ).〕
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